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Tuesday, January 16, 2007
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windy kerala
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Why wind energy?
Power generation from wind has emerged as one of the most successful programmes in the renewable energy sector, and has started making meaningful contributions to the overall power requirements of some States.
Energy is a major input for overall socio-economic development. Use of fossil fuels is expected to fuel the economic development process of a majority of the world population during the next two decades. However, at some time during the period 2020-2050, fossil fuels are likely to reach their maximum potential, and their price will become higher than other renewable energy options on account of increasingly constrained production and availability. Therefore, renewables are expected to play a key role in accelerating development and sustainable growth in the second half of the next century, accounting then to 50 to 60% of the total global energy supply.
The government has introduced a package of incentives which includes tax concessions such as 100% accelerated depreciation, tax holidays for power generation projects, soft loans, customs and excise duty relief’s, liberalized foreign investment procedures, etc. This gives a levelised cost of energy generation in the range of Rs. 2.00 to Rs. 2.50 KWh, taking into consideration the fiscal benefits extended by the Government. Now the banks are also supporting non renewable energy sources with low interest loans.
disadvantages and solutions
Wind energy is a variable resource: We get electricity only when the wind blows. Although modern wind turbines regulate power well and level off at their rated capacity, the amount of power they produce varies throughout the day. Hundreds of installations have demonstrated that utility systems are capable of accommodating the changing wind power just as they modify their output to follow changing demand. Experts predict that wind power can compose 20% or more of our energy mix before reliability of the system would be an issue.
Wind energy is also capital intensive: That's why local, state, and central governments must support wind energy development through production incentives and public policy to encourage its growth and technological advancement. Such support does make a difference.
In summary, modern wind turbines safely and efficiently turn wind into useable energy. Hundreds of rural landowners throughout the country have learned how to harvest the wind. Many of these people have been operating small turbines on their farms for years. Others are just beginning to investigate the large wind turbines. As they would with any investment, these landowners must carefully weigh the benefits and risks and research just what a wind turbine on their property would involve.
Cost comparison
Cost per unit from Diesel generation - > Rs 6.
Cost per unit from grid connection - Rs 6.
(For commercial connection)
Cost per unit from wind energy - Rs 2 to 5
(Without subsidy)
While for the other two sources, the rate of energy is to grow day by day, we have a constant rate factor for wind energy based production.
Solar energy although advisable for smaller systems cannot be supported for an entire house hold electrification in high area, as the minimum input requirements are often not met.
Solutions provide
1. Large scale systems (industrial connection) 2. Small and medium connections (villages, house hold etc.)
3. Wind electric water pumps
1. Large scale systems (Wind diesel systems)
Can connect WEG directly to the load side of the substation or the panel board of the DG(diesel generator)set
No battery will be required.
An electric control will regulate the generation
The wind generation cost will be between Rs.2 to Rs.5per unit; the higher the wind speed the lower the generation cost. (DG cost will be above Rs.6 per unit.)
water pumping project can be considered separately with this project, which can be alone with highest efficiency using wind energy
To decide the capacity of WEG (wind energy generation) to be installed, a feasibility study is first required; that includes wind monitoring for one year. The cost of wind monitoring is Rs50 000.
2. Small and medium scale project
This type of systems can be implemented on locations such as:
Large house holds
For remotely placed housing colonies
Shopping complexes
Resorts/Hotels
· If the site has a good wind regime (climate) a stand alone wind electric power plant can be suggested. This includes a wind electric generator (WEG) connected to a battery and inverter.
· A 5 KW WEG can generate about 18 KWH per day if the place is good wind site. When a house hold uses 60 W of power for 5 hours per day (i.e. 300 Wh/day) the demand of 40 houses will be 12 KWh per day. The remaining 6 KWh can be used at a community centre that holds common facilities like TV or water pumping.
· Total installation cost for a 5 KW WEG can be about 6 Lakhs, exclusive of distribution line battery bank and house wiring.
· 40 batteries, each of 90 Ah and 12V will be required for the above project. The inverter should be of 7.5 KVA.
· The distribution line can be of 6 mm 2 copper conductors. Internal wiring needs 1.5 mm 2 PVC wire.
· The Operation & Maintenance costs can be met by levying small charges on the house holds per month.
· The project can get subsidy from Ministry of Non conventional Energy Sources (MNES). The state nodal agency is ANERT Trivandrum.
· Initially a feasibility study is required by monitoring the wind for a year for the complete design of the system. Its cost is Rs. 50,000.
· The total cost of the project depends upon the wind speeds and it can vary from Rs. 7 lakhs to Rs. 10 lakhs.
3. Water Pumping
Water pumping can be done most effectively by wind based systems. Efficiency of up to 90% can be achieved.
The Wind Electric Water Pump (WEWP) system consists of a WEG coupled with the motor pump.
Continuous monitoring up to 1 year will be required for the correct designing of the system and for finding the low wind fall times of the year.
For a location having continuous and good amount of wind, we can install a 1500 W WEG coupled with a 500 W motor pump. The cost will be around 2.5 lakhs (without subsidy). Subsidy more than 50 % will be available for rural areas.
For rainy seasons the system can be kept arrested.
By adding WEWP to the existing motor pump they can reduce the operating hours of the existing motor and hence electric bill can be reduced. This can be done also in case of diesel pumps also.
COST AND FEASIBILTY ANALYSIS
With subsidy the return of investment can usually be achieved during the first 8 to 12 year operation. Given a life expectancy of 25 -30 years saving are considerable. This would be the most possible if not the only options for many remote locations. Wind energy will get up to 50 % subsidy for any installations and many more schemes exist for rural areas, educational institutions, government offices etc. Some of the financial benefits of the system are:
80% Depreciation in the first year.Operation and maintenance costs are low.Zero input fuel cost.Pay back in shorter duration.Cost of generation is almost zero after pay back period.
by Arun CARDN Kalamassery, Cochin -683104, Phone- +91 484 2557799, 98955 16811, |
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posted by santhosheditor
7:48 PM
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MANDATORY RENEWABLE ENERGY – THE ENERGY EVOLUTION –R9
In order to insure energy and economic independence as well as better economic growth without being blackmailed by foreign countries, our country, the United States of America’s Utilization of Energy sources must change.
"Energy drives our entire economy." We must protect it. "Let's face it, without energy the whole economy and economic society we have set up would come to a halt. So you want to have control over such an important resource that you need for your society and your economy." The American way of life is not negotiable.
Our continued dependence on fossil fuels could and will lead to catastrophic consequences.
The federal, state and local government should implement a mandatory renewable energy installation program for residential and commercial property on new construction and remodeling projects with the use of energy efficient material, mechanical systems, appliances, lighting, etc. The source of energy must by renewable energy such as Solar-Photovoltaic, Geothermal, Wind, Biofuels, etc. including utilizing water from lakes, rivers and oceans to circulate in cooling towers to produce air conditioning and the utilization of proper landscaping to reduce energy consumption.
The implementation of mandatory renewable energy could be done on a gradual scale over the next 10 years. At the end of the 10 year period all construction and energy use in the structures throughout the United States must be 100% powered by renewable energy. (This can be done by amending building code)
In addition, the governments must impose laws, rules and regulations whereby the utility companies must comply with a fair “NET METERING” (the buying of excess generation from the consumer), including the promotion of research and production of “renewable energy technology” with various long term incentives and grants. The various foundations in existence should be used to contribute to this cause.
A mandatory time table should also be established for the automobile industry to gradually produce an automobile powered by renewable energy. The American automobile industry is surely capable of accomplishing this task.
This is a way to expedite our energy independence and economic growth. (This will also create a substantial amount of new jobs). It will take maximum effort and a relentless pursuit of the private, commercial and industrial government sectors commitment to renewable energy – energy generation (wind, solar, hydro, biofuels, geothermal, energy storage (fuel cells, advance batteries), energy infrastructure (management, transmission) and energy efficiency (lighting, sensors, automation, conservation) in order to achieve our energy independence.
"To succeed, you have to believe in something with such a passion that it becomes a reality."
Jay Draiman, Energy Consultant
Northridge, CA. 91325
1-16-2007
P.S. I have a very deep belief in America's capabilities. Within the next 10 years we can accomplish our energy independence, if we as a nation truly set our goals to accomplish this.
I happen to believe that we can do it. In another crisis--the one in 1942--President Franklin D. Roosevelt said this country would build 60,000 [50,000] military aircraft. By 1943, production in that program had reached 125,000 aircraft annually. They did it then. We can do it now.
The American people resilience and determination to retain the way of life is unconquerable and we as a nation will succeed in this endeavor of Energy Independence.
Solar energy is the source of all energy on the earth (excepting volcanic geothermal). Wind, wave and fossil fuels all get their energy from the sun. Fossil fuels are only a battery which will eventually run out. The sooner we can exploit all forms of Solar energy (cost effectively or not against dubiously cheap FFs) the better off we will all be. If the battery runs out first, the survivors will all be living like in the 18th century again.
Every new home built should come with a solar package. A 1.5 kW per bedroom is a good rule of thumb. The formula 1.5 X's 5 hrs per day X's 30 days will produce about 225 kWh per bedroom monthly. This peak production period will offset 17 to 24 cents per kWh with a potential of $160 per month or about $60,000 over the 30-year mortgage period for a three-bedroom home. It is economically feasible at the current energy price and the interest portion of the loan is deductible. Why not?
Title 24 has been mandated forcing developers to build energy efficient homes. Their bull-headedness put them in that position and now they see that Title 24 works with little added cost. Solar should also be mandated and if the developer designs a home that solar is impossible to do then they should pay an equivalent mitigation fee allowing others to put solar on in place of their negligence.
Installing renewable energy system on your home or business increases the value of the property and provides a marketing advantage.
Nations of the world should unite and join together in a cohesive effort to develop and implement MANDATORY RENEWABLE ENERGY for the sake of humankind and future generations.
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Monday, January 01, 2007
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woman teacher
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SOCIAL RELEVANCE OF THE WOMAN TEACHER
In the field of education and literacy, Kerala has done extremely well. High life expectancy, low child mortality rates, awareness about hygiene and good health can be counted among the Malayalee’s achievements. And in all these achievements women have played an important part. Because a child’s health habits, concepts and imagination originate from the home or to put it more clearly, from the mother. The child comes to school from this home and the school becomes a second home for him /her.The child begins the learning process at home through information received and his/her experience. A school should be a place for a continuation and broadening of this learning process. A school should impart social lessons to ready the child to become part of society.  It is at this point that we begin to see the social relevance of the woman teacher.WHY WOMAN TEACHER?As mentioned earlier, women play a significant role in Kerala’s progress. In a child’s development and evolution of the team spirit, the school, as a miniature form of society is quite important. Interestingly the statistics regarding the number of women teachers also points to the need for more focus as women teachers. In 1957, just after the birth of the state of Kerala, only 41% of the teachers were women. Thereafter in 1976-77, women caught up with men and their numbers got equalised. 30 years later, in 2004-05 the records show that out the total 1,74,881 teachers 1,21,016 are women and only 53,865 are men. Which means that the percentage of women among the teachers has risen from 41% in 1957 to 69.5% in 2005! Women’s supremacy in this field has come to stay (see figure).
Year...............,...................Male ..............................Female
1956-56...........................46128 ...........................3152419
61-62...........................64367 ...........................4449019
66-67...........................70362 ...........................5445919
71-72 ...........................78026........................... 6840819
76-77...........................82224 ...........................8198419
81-82 ...........................82007 ...........................9642819
86-87 ...........................77460 ...........................11412419
91-92 ...........................69577 ...........................12123319
96-97 ...........................62885 ...........................125602
2004-05 ...........................53865...........................121016
(source:statistical unit, DPI,Thiruvananthapuram)
In spite of the attractive salary, job security and social respectability why are men staying away from this profession. This is a question nobody is raising. And when the teachers’ organisations select their leaders, the representation of the woman majority is sadly being ignored.NEW SCHOOL SCENARIO In changing Kerala, new ideas have been put forward that education should be child centred and that the teacher’s role should be that of a co-student. This increases the social responsibility of the woman teacher. But what is being observed is that while the child’s world becomes wider the women teacher’s world is getting narrow. How can teachers as a whole overcome this malady?The foremost need is to be able to identify the nature of the child. The woman teacher in her class faces children coming from a variety of social and economical backgrounds, -a miniature edition of society. It is the important that the teacher has the capacity to realise and accept these differences.Women teachers should be given an upper hand in making education policy making and implementation at school and state level. There is a need for an organised movement to achieve this Apart from this, the woman teacher should be able to understand the changes in society and also put her knowledge into practice. The woman teacher should voluntarily participate in people’s social groups like Kudumbasree, Ayalkkoottam and Gramasabha. Discussing her problems with her colleagues is one way for a woman teacher to arrive at an understanding about her students.WHAT CAN BE DONE DURING TRAINING Eighty percent of the candidates studying at the numerous teacher-training centres in Kerala (Govt., aided and unaided) are women. But the mode of training indicates that this fact has been knowingly or unknowingly ignored till now. The B.Ed. curriculum should be designed in such a way that the teacher acquires the ability to take up social responsibility, identify the changes taking place and to decide by her self upon the necessary changes required in her work in accordance with the changes. The present method of ‘promoting’ the teacher’s commitment by increasing the number of record books has to end. In its place a new training method should be evolved that takes into account that the majority of teachers are women. In this way, teacher-training students will learn to think and act by themselves developing their own personalities and also widening the possibilities of knowledge and wisdom.
by
ROOBIYA. K. M., RADEENA. D. N.
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posted by santhosheditor
12:40 PM
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the topic s relvnt. women play a significant role in Kerala’s progress.
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topic kollam. entha men teacher kollille. women.... teacher mathramalla good profession. journalists (like me ....hi...)
write about journalists . avarude kadanakadhakal.....ok....
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friends,
majority of male teachers wont get inner side of students. they just bang around their minds and mostly they gets very angry than female teachers do. female teachers are just like our mothers. they know their student's mind. if students finds a nice lady teacher with helpful mind, surely her students love her very much, but there one fact lying. there are some female teachers who really dont care their students and try to harm them in many ways. female teachers are really very very good
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What you said is true. Nobody is focusing on training. Now we are planning to develop our kids personality, creative thinking and so on. For that we have to develop our teacher's personality and creativity. Authorities are not willing to do that or teachers themselves. They want to finish their job by 4 O' Clock, that's it. Teaching is not a profession it is a passion. There may be 10% who take it as passion. 90% of "teachers" became teachers only because they got a B.Ed degree. Do you ever think why we have more women teachers? In my opinion that is because they can take care of their kids and can have a job. Most of the time they can have same vacation as their kids. What do you think?
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MANDATORY RENEWABLE ENERGY – THE ENERGY EVOLUTION –R9
In order to insure energy and economic independence as well as better economic growth without being blackmailed by foreign countries, our country, the United States of America’s Utilization of Energy sources must change.
"Energy drives our entire economy." We must protect it. "Let's face it, without energy the whole economy and economic society we have set up would come to a halt. So you want to have control over such an important resource that you need for your society and your economy." The American way of life is not negotiable.
Our continued dependence on fossil fuels could and will lead to catastrophic consequences.
The federal, state and local government should implement a mandatory renewable energy installation program for residential and commercial property on new construction and remodeling projects with the use of energy efficient material, mechanical systems, appliances, lighting, etc. The source of energy must by renewable energy such as Solar-Photovoltaic, Geothermal, Wind, Biofuels, etc. including utilizing water from lakes, rivers and oceans to circulate in cooling towers to produce air conditioning and the utilization of proper landscaping to reduce energy consumption.
The implementation of mandatory renewable energy could be done on a gradual scale over the next 10 years. At the end of the 10 year period all construction and energy use in the structures throughout the United States must be 100% powered by renewable energy. (This can be done by amending building code)
In addition, the governments must impose laws, rules and regulations whereby the utility companies must comply with a fair “NET METERING” (the buying of excess generation from the consumer), including the promotion of research and production of “renewable energy technology” with various long term incentives and grants. The various foundations in existence should be used to contribute to this cause.
A mandatory time table should also be established for the automobile industry to gradually produce an automobile powered by renewable energy. The American automobile industry is surely capable of accomplishing this task.
This is a way to expedite our energy independence and economic growth. (This will also create a substantial amount of new jobs). It will take maximum effort and a relentless pursuit of the private, commercial and industrial government sectors commitment to renewable energy – energy generation (wind, solar, hydro, biofuels, geothermal, energy storage (fuel cells, advance batteries), energy infrastructure (management, transmission) and energy efficiency (lighting, sensors, automation, conservation) in order to achieve our energy independence.
"To succeed, you have to believe in something with such a passion that it becomes a reality."
Jay Draiman, Energy Consultant
Northridge, CA. 91325
1-16-2007
P.S. I have a very deep belief in America's capabilities. Within the next 10 years we can accomplish our energy independence, if we as a nation truly set our goals to accomplish this.
I happen to believe that we can do it. In another crisis--the one in 1942--President Franklin D. Roosevelt said this country would build 60,000 [50,000] military aircraft. By 1943, production in that program had reached 125,000 aircraft annually. They did it then. We can do it now.
The American people resilience and determination to retain the way of life is unconquerable and we as a nation will succeed in this endeavor of Energy Independence.
Solar energy is the source of all energy on the earth (excepting volcanic geothermal). Wind, wave and fossil fuels all get their energy from the sun. Fossil fuels are only a battery which will eventually run out. The sooner we can exploit all forms of Solar energy (cost effectively or not against dubiously cheap FFs) the better off we will all be. If the battery runs out first, the survivors will all be living like in the 18th century again.
Every new home built should come with a solar package. A 1.5 kW per bedroom is a good rule of thumb. The formula 1.5 X's 5 hrs per day X's 30 days will produce about 225 kWh per bedroom monthly. This peak production period will offset 17 to 24 cents per kWh with a potential of $160 per month or about $60,000 over the 30-year mortgage period for a three-bedroom home. It is economically feasible at the current energy price and the interest portion of the loan is deductible. Why not?
Title 24 has been mandated forcing developers to build energy efficient homes. Their bull-headedness put them in that position and now they see that Title 24 works with little added cost. Solar should also be mandated and if the developer designs a home that solar is impossible to do then they should pay an equivalent mitigation fee allowing others to put solar on in place of their negligence.
Installing renewable energy system on your home or business increases the value of the property and provides a marketing advantage.
Nations of the world should unite and join together in a cohesive effort to develop and implement MANDATORY RENEWABLE ENERGY for the sake of humankind and future generations.